Tuesday 7 July 2020

What is Travel Health?

Travel is part of most people’s lives these days. Whether for business or holidays and it’s easy to forget that, even with routine immunization, risks to health during travel are still very real. On top of that, obtaining health care in other countries can be much more complicated than it is in many countries. You can end up being extremely expensive if you travel without the proper level of insurance.

Find out if the country you're traveling to has reciprocal health facilities, which means you can be treated in their healthcare system free of charge or at a minimal cost. All European Economic Area countries (European Community countries plus Iceland, Lichtenstein, and Norway) have reciprocal agreements with the UK. You will need to fill out and travel with Form E111, which you need to apply for in advance of your travel.

Contact your GP or the Department of Health to find out how to apply. It's still advisable to have some insurance even when traveling to countries with reciprocal healthcare agreements; check with a travel agent for more details. Some other non-EEA countries have reciprocal agreements with the UK but note that most countries, including the US, Canada, Switzerland, India, Japan, and all African, Central, and South American and Middle Eastern countries do not.

You will need travel insurance to cover your medical expenses if you need to be treated in these countries; check with a reputable travel agent for advice about how much insurance you (and your family) will need. Check with your GP about whether you and your family will need immunizations for the countries you plan to visit. You should do this at least two months before you travel as some none at all. Be very careful in the sun. Overexposure to the sun can cause sunburn and heatstroke, and children are especially at risk. Don't go out in the sun at midday, stay in the shade when you can, and use a high-factor sunscreen at all times.

Make sure your children wear a high-factor sunscreen and headgear that also protects the back of the neck. Drink plenty of fluids, but make sure they're safe - canned and bottled drinks are usually best. • Be on guard against insect and animal bites. Even in areas where malaria is not a problem, ticks can be a carrier of the disease. If you go walking in areas of high grass or woodland, make sure you wear long trousers and socks and keep your arms covered too. Make sure that your children are also adequately dressed. Use insect repellents.

If you've been prescribed anti-malarial tablets, make sure you take them regularly. Bites from animals can cause very serious, and sometimes fatal, illness if they are not promptly treated. Be extremely cautious of all animals, even those that appear to be tame, and teach your children to be cautious too. If someone does get bitten by an animal, seek medical advice immediately. If the water at your destination may not be safe to drink, drink only bottled or canine drinks. Use disinfectant tablets if you need to use the water to wash food or clean your teeth.

Don't ask for ice in your drink or use ice to keep food cool, Make sure hot food is piping hot and cooked the way through. Avoid uncooked food such as raw fruits or vegetables, if you must eat them, pee them yourself. Avoid eating shelifion especially any shellfish that is eaten raw, such as oysters. Do not drink unpasteurized milk. Never swim alone, and always make sure that children are supervised by an adult who is a good swimmer. Don't leave children alone near any water-a young child can drown in a paddling pool or even a large puddle.

Be extra vigilant when driving, walking, or cycling on foreign roads. Make sure you know which direction the traffic is traveling, especially when crossing roads-most countries drive on the right instead of the left. Be aware of local traffic laws. •If you are taking a long-haul flight. Get up and walk around at least once an hour or so to keep your blood circulating freely-this This reduces the risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. You haven't been to the dentist recently, have a dental check-up before you travel, Dental care can be difficult to find, and very expensive.

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Other than giving higher sleep, this product also works excellently for any individual who always finds it hard to sleep. Thus, taking this medicine is the right step to follow if you’re after better sleep. The practical techniques involved by this product helps a lot in ensuring you have a deep sleep. Also, it plays a crucial role while sleeping. During this time, it enhances your fat-burning system, making the body to start to shed weight. Furthermore, Resurge is the perfect option if you’re after an anti-aging medicine. 
It is an anti-aging medicine that is capable of giving you a youthful look. It features eight nutrients which help a lot in weight loss. Each ingredient present in Resurge is risk-free and natural. Thus, this means you’ll definitely enjoy outstanding health results after consuming the medicine. 
These ingredients include Lysine, Ashwagandha plant, L-Theanine, Hydroxytryptophan, Magnesium, Melatonin, and Arginine. The Good Things About Resurge Supplement: 1- The product enhances better sleep. Consuming Resurge will ensure that deep sleep, something that also promotes your health. It separates your life from that unhealthy routine so that you can enjoy the outstanding benefits of this product. 2- Resurge is the best for appetite management. This product will prepare your body to eat less. It focuses primarily on leptin resistance, something that causes hunger. 3- Resurge comes with several health benefits. It helps in converting all the fat in your body into energy, hence giving your body a new power. Also, it focuses primarily on items that contribute to weight gain. 

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Friday 3 July 2020

Muscular Dystrophy Symptoms and Treatment

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic conditions in which muscles become weak and wasted. Almost exclusively affect boys. The most of this condition is Duchenne. There are two main types of muscular dystrophy.

1.       The common type of muscular dystrophy that causes serious disability from early childhood.

2.       A second, much rarer type of the disorder is Becker muscular dystrophy. The onset of this condition is slower and the symptoms start later in childhood.

Other extremely rare forms of muscular dystrophy can affect both girls and boys. Both Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are caused by an abnormal gene carried on the X sex chromosome. Girls may carry the defective gene but do not usually have the disorder. Because they have two X chromosomes, and the gene on the normal X chromosome compensates for the defect in the gene on the other.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

The symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually appear around the time a child would begin to walk. Late walking is common; often an affected child does not begin to walk until about 18 months and then will fall more frequently than other children. The more obvious symptoms may not appear until the child reaches age 3-5 and may include: waddling gait difficulty climbing stairs difficulty getting up from the floor characteristically, using the hands to "walk up" the thighs

• Large calf muscles and wasted muscles at the tops of the legs and arms

• Mild learning disabilities (especially in the Becker type). The symptoms are progressive and a child may be unable to walk by the age of 12. The symptoms of Becker muscular dystrophy are similar but usually do not appear until about age 11 or later. The disease progresses more slowly; many of those affected are still able to walk until their late 20s or later.

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT?

If your doctor suspects muscular dystrophy he may arrange for a blood test to look for evidence of muscle damage. Electromyography, which records electrical activity in muscles, may be performed. A small piece of muscle may be removed under general anesthesia for microscopic examination. Tests may be done to find out if the heart is affected, including recording electrical activity in the heart (ECG) and ultrasound scanning.

The treatment for muscular dystrophy is aimed at keeping a child mobile and active for as long as possible. A team of professionals such as a physical therapist, doctor and social worker can provide support for the whole family. Physical therapy is important to keep limbs supple and supportive splints may be used. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is usually fatal before age 20%; the outlook in the Becker type is better, with affected people often surviving into their 40s.

Muscular Dystrophy

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Thursday 2 July 2020

Eczema in Babies and Children

WHAT IS ECZEMA?

Eczema describes an itchy, inflamed skin rash. The term Eczema comes from a Greek word meaning to “Boil Over” and is used interchangeably with another term, dermatitis. There are several different types including atopic or allergic eczema. The most common type of eczema is atopic eczema, sometimes referred to as “allergic eczema”. If someone is atopic they carry a gene that makes their skin react to stress (a virus infection, an irritant in contact with the skin, psychological disturbances) with patches of eczema.
Once you have eczema or dermatitis have the tendency to develop it, so episodes may return throughout your life. Atopic eczema sufferers may also develop asthma or hay fever or may have relations who have those conditions. The gene for atopy tends to run in families but may express itself gene differently in family members, for example migraine in one, hay fever in another, allergies in another, asthma, etc. All these conditions are close relatives of eczema (dermatitis) and all run in my atopic family.
Though the tendency to develop eczema is undoubtedly genetic, certain foods (most commonly dairy products, eggs and wheat) and skin irritants (such as pet fur, wool or washing powders) can act as triggers, especially in children.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

  • Dry, red, scaly rash, which is extremely itchy, occurring on the face, neck and hands, and in the creases of the limbs.
  • The rash usually starts off as minute pearly blisters beneath the skin’s surface.
  • When very severe, the rash may weep.
  • Sleeplessness may result if the itchiness is very bad.

AGGRAVATING FACTORS

  • Symptoms vary from mild to severe and can be made worse by:
  • Climate changes, especially if exposed to cold winds or excessive heat
  • Water, especially hard water
  • Soaps, detergents, cleansers, bubble bath, Cosmetics, perfume
  • Pollen, pet hair, animal dander, dust
  • Stress and anxiety
  • Synthetic or wool fibers
  • Certain chemicals: acids, alkalis, oxidizing or reducing agents, oils, solvents
  • Colds, flu, infections of any kind.

LIFESTYLE

  • People with eczema should avoid contact with soap detergents and other irritants. This means wearing rubber gloves for household wet work, or cotton gloves for cleaning.
  • They should avoid jobs or occupations that expose their skin to irritants, such as in hairdressing catering, mechanical engineering and perhaps nursing, especially if the eczema affects the hands.
  • Reduce the population of house dust mites in the home by regular dusting and vacuuming of carpets. Dust mite bed covers have benefited some eczema patients, and frequent airing and changing of bed linen should reduce the house dust mite population in bedding.
  • Bed clothes should be washed at 50 C (122 F) or more to kill house dust mites.
  • Old mattresses are more likely to harbor large populations of house dust mite, and furry toys are another source of exposure.
  • Shaking soft toys vigorously or placing into a plastic bag in the freezer for a few hours helps.
  • Some atopic people are sensitive to cat or dog fur and it makes sense to avoid having these animals as pets when a family member suffers from atopic eczema.
  • The use of make-up can irritate facial skin in a person with eczema, and these preparations should be used with care
  • It is best to keep the central heating turned as low as is comfortable as it tends to dry out the skin.
  • Cotton clothes are less irritating on eczema skin than polyester or wool.
  • Bathing and showering are safe, provided that a soap substitute such as aqueous cream is used, or bath oil is added.
  • Bubble bath should be avoided, as it is a detergent. The moisturizer that the person uses should be applied after the skin has been patted dry.
  • Holidays in a warm environment are beneficial as the skin’s moisture is improved and, of course, the person is more relaxed.
  • Although sunlight is usually helpful, atopic eczema may make the skin more sun-sensitive and covering up with cotton clothes and using a sun blocking cream are advised in hot climates to avoid burning.
  • People with eczema can go swimming putting an emollient ointment or a barrier cream on the skin before and after swimming reduces irritations.

IS DIET IMPORTANT?

In very young children, atopic eczema may be worsened by cow’s milk formula and so infants with eczema are often put on to soya milk, or low allergy milk feeds. This problem generally settles in the second year of life and cow’s milk may then be tolerated in slowly increasing amounts.
  • Eggs may worsen eczema, although they may be tolerated in highly processed form, such as in cakes.
  • Families may feel that other food items are important and if several foods are suspected or you decide to put your child on a restricted diet, then it is wise to discuss this with a dietitian to make sure your child is getting enough protein, calcium and calories.
  • Fortunately, most apparent food allergies get better during childhood.
  • One food item that continues to cause problems in a few atopic individuals is peanuts.
  • Tomato sauce and citrus fruits seem to worsen facial eczema because they irritate broken skin and can produce weal’s around the mouth.

CHINESE HERBAL TREATMENTS

Recent research has shown ancient Chinese herbal remedies can be very helpful. There are tablets to take, infusions to drink and creams to rub on. Most dermatologists recognize the effectiveness of these treatments.

WHAT MIGHT THE DOCTOR DO?

  • Your doctor will question you on your family’s medical history, particularly whether anyone has ever suffered from eczema or related conditions such as asthma and hay fever.
  • The doctor will ask you about any changes in diet, whether you have recently changed your washing powders, whether you have just brought a pet into the house and whether natural or synthetic fibers are worn next to the skin.
  • If your baby has eczema and you’ve just started weaning him from the breast or bottle. Your doctor may recommend that you avoid dairy products and continue breast-feeding or use formula milk. If you don’t want to do this, your doctor may recommend that you wean your baby on to soya milk instead.
  • Your doctor may prescribe an anti-inflammatory skin cream to reduce redness, scaliness and itchiness. In severe cases, very weak steroid creams may be prescribed. These creams should be used very sparingly, especially on a child’s skin.
  • If the itching is causing sleepless nights, your doctor may prescribe antihistamine medicine to improve sleep. If the skin has become infected through Scratching, your doctor may prescribe an antiseptic cream or antibiotics.
  • Your doctor will advise you to add bath oil to bath water and to stop using soap. Soap can be an irritant to the already sensitive skin; the oil will help to keep the skin supple and less dry.

WHAT’S THE OUTLOOK?

Many children outgrow eczema (and asthma) around the age of seven. They will, however, 31 retain a life-long tendency to develop transient eczema if the body is put under stress and may pass on this tendency to their children. In adult life, dermatitis isn’t the same as that in a child. The eczema looks different, it’s in different places and it may come and go. It may take the form of seborrhoeic, contact or photo-dermatitis (caused by light).

ECZEMA IN BABIES AND CHILDREN  

Baby eczema, also called infantile eczema, is Common and usually develops when a baby is about 2-3 months old, or at 4-5 months Most children grow out of eczema by the age of three or, if not, by seven.

Some important points

  • Baby eczema is less common in breast-fed babies than those fed on the bottle.
  • Baby eczema isn’t caused by an allergy and allergy tests don’t help.
  • Children with eczema don’t benefit from a special diet p no child’s skin.

What should I do first?

  • If your baby is scratching, look at his neck and scalp, his face, his hands and the creases of his elbows, knees and groin, classic sites for baby dermatitis.
  • Keep his fingernails short to minimize the possibility of breaking the skin. If the skin becomes broken, put mittens on him to prevent infection.
  • If you’ve just started weaning your breast-fed child, return to breast-feeds until you’ve seen your doctor If you’ve been using formula milk, return to that.
  • Apply oily calamine lotion to ease irritation and soothe the skin.
  • Soap should be avoided as it de-fats the skin and makes it drier, more scaly and irritable.
  • Avoid woolen or hairy garments; use cotton or linen instead.

What else you can do?

  • Use an emollient cream whenever your child washes. This will keep his skin soft, prevent it from drying out and damp down the itchiness.
  • Underplay the condition in front of your child. Your anxiety can make the condition worse.
  • Keep your child’s fingernails short so that scratching doesn’t cause the skin to break and give rise to infection.
  • Make sure all your child’s clothes, and anything that comes next to his skin, are rinsed thoroughly to remove all traces of powders and conditioners.
  • If the eczema is found to be made worse by pet fur, you may need to consider giving your family pet away.
  • Use an aqueous cream from your chemist as a soap substitute.
  • Use a bath emollient (available from your pharmacist) dissolved in bath water to put a protective layer over your child’s skin.
  • Think about installing a domestic water softener.
  • Dress your child with fine cotton clothes next to his skin at all times
  • Don’t eliminate any foods from your child’s diet without your doctor’s supervision.
  • Remove as many irritants from your child’s environment as possible. For example, feather and down pillows can be a source of irritation.

Vaccinations

It is generally safe to vaccinate children with eczema in the usual way. However, if a child has a proven egg allergy, their MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccination should be given in a hospital setting in case there are problems, although this is very rare in practice.
Eczema describes an itchy inflamed skin rash comes from Greek word means “Boil Over” & used interchangeably with another term, dermatitis.Eczema describes an itchy inflamed skin rash comes from Greek word means “Boil Over” & used interchangeably with another term, dermatitis. Photo Credit – Webmd

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