Cancer and Biopsy
Cancer is a deadly disease in
which cells of any body part begin to grow abnormally, harmfully and randomly,
until these extra cells take the form of acne, or tumors. The main cause of
cancer is the DNA in the cells, which naturally changes and divides the cells
in a continuous and abnormal way. This change is called mutation in medical
terms. That is, one to two, two to four, four to eight. And in the same order,
the growth of unnecessary cells continues. There could be several reasons for
this change in DNA.
For example, smoking, alcohol,
blisters, gutka use, exposure to too much sun, drinking hot tea or coffee,
canned foods or frozen foods, and the use of chemical preservatives. In
general, the immune system eliminates invading germs. But cancer cells combine
with the body's own cells. Therefore, the immune system does not recognize
these cells and thus they begin to grow in the body. Cancer can affect people
of any age.
Symptoms of Cancer
Common symptoms include tumors,
pain, and weight loss, as well as symptoms related to the part of the body
where it appears. For example, if you have esophageal cancer, you may find it
difficult to eat or drink anything. Similarly, lung cancer includes coughing or
shortness of breath, blood cancer, bruising or abnormal bleeding, fatigue and
fever.
Types of Caner
Cancer is divided into two types.
One type is called benign and the other is called malignant. The growth of
benign cancer stops after a certain period of time and does not spread to other
parts of the body. However, some benign cancers can also be dangerous. The Malignant
tumors are dangerous and have the potential to grow. They can spread to any
part of the body.
How Caner Spread?
The process by which cancer
spreads from one place to another is called metastasis in medical terms. It is
a Greek word meaning to emigrate. The part of the body where the cancer
develops is called the primary tumor. For example, if the breast cancer enters
any part of the body from its place, but the primary tumor will be called where
it has spread from. There are many sources of cancer in the body, such as arteries.
Whether it's clean blood vessels
that contain the "oxgyenated" blood or dirty blood vessels that
contain "deoxygenated" blood. For example, if colon cancer develops,
it first spreads to the liver. This is because one of the blood vessels in the
intestine drains into the blood vessels of the liver, through which the cancer
reaches the liver. Another source of cancer spread is lymphatic’s.
Lymphatics are actually the
body's ducts, which contain water-like material, also called lymph. The
function of this lymph is to carry the body's proteins and the substance found
between the cells to the blood vessels. These lymph nodes enter the bloodstream
through glands in the body and these glands are called lymph nodes. These
glands are found at small distances in the body and act as a soldier.
That is, if there are any germs
in the lymph, then the white blood cells in these glands are helpful in killing
them. Whichever part of the gland appears, the volume of the glands there first
begins to increase, which grows into a gland-like shape. As the cancer cells
begin to spread throughout the body through the lymphatics, so when they enter
the glands, they begin to grow there too and form a lump.
A third source of cancer spread
may be that the cancer may spread to other parts of the body to such an extent
that it may enter another organ and infect it. As the cancer of the leaf
progresses and enters the liver, it also affects it. In addition, cancer cells
can spread through the veins (Perineural Invasion).
Cancer and Biopsy
Biopsy is essential for the final
diagnosis of any type of cancer. Several methods of biopsy are used. One
procedure involves go through to the affected area and examining it with a
small tissue microscope. This process is completed in 15 to 20 minutes and the
patient does not even need to be admitted to the hospital. Sometimes an
incision is made in the gland near the cancer and the entire tumor is removed
and examined. This procedure is called Excisional Biopsy.
The second method is punch out,
which is done with a special type of needle cut. A small piece of tissue is
also removed in a punch-out biopsy. Such a biopsy can be performed with local
anesthesia without hospitalization and even after admission to the hospital.
And sometimes the patient needs to be completely anesthetized.
However, only a surgeon can
decide what will be best for the patient. If the cancer is in the esophagus,
stomach or intestines, biopsy is done through endoscopy. Similarly fine needle
aspiration cytology (Fine needle). In aspiration cytology, a thin needle is
inserted into the affected area to remove the contents, which are usually cans
of Thai rye. R is used.
With the help of each type of
biopsy tissue, pathologists usually determine the type, and origin of the
cancer and how far it has spread in the body. It takes 12 days. A biopsy also
makes the final diagnosis of whether it is cancer or a benign tumor.
Oncologists recommend treatment methods only after the biopsy report has been
given. Keep in mind that biopsy plays a very important role in the treatment of
cancer.
Unfortunately, in our society, it
is a common misconception that cancer spreads rapidly in the body after biopsy.
There is no doubt that cancer cells are very loosely connected to each other,
which can spread at the slightest provocation. But the chances of this
happening are very low, because according to researchers, thanks to modern
technology.
The chances of an outbreak are
slim. In 2014, researchers at Raja Rajeshwari Dental College and Hospital,
India, after conducting research on cases related to biopsy-related cancer cell
seeding from 1983 to 2012, concluded that the risk of cancer spread through
biopsy depends on two factors. The first is that some very specific types of
cancer are more likely to spread and the second depends on the biopsy method.
However, in most cases, the
symptoms of cancer appear only after the cancer has spread in the body.
Sometimes, after a biopsy, the report shows that the cancer is not from the
place where the tissue was taken, but it has spread to another part of the
body. During this time the cancer spreads throughout the body and by the time
the biopsy is done, the symptoms start appearing in other parts of the body.
Then it is believed that the
cancer has spread after the biopsy. Research done all over the world. It has
been proven that cancer does not spread at all through biopsy. According to Dr.
Jonathan Appstein, Professor of Pathology, Urology and Oncology at Johns
Hopkins Hospital and Director of Surgical Pathology, biopsies do not cause any
spread in most types of cancer.
In January 2015, according to a
study by researchers in Jacksonville, Florida, patients who underwent biopsy
had better outcomes and longer lives than those who did not undergo biopsy. So
it is wrong to say that biopsy can spread cancer. It is very difficult for
doctors all over the world to treat a cancer patient without a biopsy, but
unfortunately most people do not understand this.
That's all there is to it. In
addition, the treatment of cancer should not be delayed, because the cancer
continues to grow and the more it grows, the more difficult it will be to
treat. So it is very imperative to start biopsy in timely manner to performed
according to the doctor's instructions, treatment will be quicker. The onset of
symptoms may be due to the fact that the cancer is not an incurable disease,
provided it is diagnosed early.
